Introduction: Oral health is an essential component of health throughout life. This study was done to assess the caries status, oral health behaviour and risk correlate in adolescent school children in Moradabad city, Uttar Pradesh, India. Methodology: 512 twelve year old school children (256 private and 256 government) were selected through multistage random sampling procedure. Dental caries were assessed using Decayed, Missing, Filled teeth (DMFT) / Decayed, Missing, Filled Surface (DMFS) index. Results: The mean DMFT/DMFS among private school children (1.90±1.46/3.24±3.18) was higher than the government school children (1.54±1.34/2.22±2.42) and the difference was found to be statistically significant. The study revealed that 26.95% of the private and 19.53% of the government school children brushed their teeth regularly (twice a day) with tooth brush and tooth paste. The participants also consumed sweets (34.77% of the private school children and 25% of govt. school children) and tea/coffee with sugar (61.33% of the private schoolchildren and 54.29% of the government schoolchildren) at least once in a day. Dental visits of both private and government school children were poor. Conclusion: The information obtained from the study can be used for oral health program planning for children to prevent oral disease and promoting oral health, the local health authorities should give priority to school based community-oriented oral health care services.

Objectives: To assess the incidence rate of OSMF and its etiology in patients attending OPD at GDCH, Jamnagar. Material and Methods: The diagnosis of OSMF was based on clinical examination and evaluating patients “signs and symptoms. Results: The total number of patients affected by OSMF in this time duration was 268. Out of these, 230 (85.82%) were male, while 38 were female (14.18%). Therefore, male: female (M:F) ratio was 6:1. 104 males in the age group of 21-30 years constituted a single majority. Conclusion: This study reveals that the incidence rate of OSMF in patients visiting GDCH, Jamnagar was 1%. Males were more affected than females. It was seen that the major etiological factors in the development of OSMF was areca nut and gutkha usage by the patients.

Introduction: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) are of major public health significance in most parts of the world affecting rural population in India. Taboos surrounding sexuality lead to a situation where people, particularly women, seeking sexual health care are stigmatized. The study was conducted to explore the availability and effectiveness of sexual health services at the STI clinic of a rural tertiary health care institute in the eastern India. Methods: This observational health care facility based study for the period of one year included all the newly enrolled 301 patients reported with sexual health problems in the STI clinic. Data were compiled to assess socio-demographic and behavioral profile of the cases attending STI clinic. Results: Average daily male and female attendees in the clinic were 31.32 ± 0.61 and 14.71 ± 0.23 respectively. 79.51 % of male patients were reported to have sex with commercial sex workers and only 6.11 % patients used condom during last sexual contact. It was found that VDRL was most commonly suggested investigation. About 34.91% patients were demonstrated the use of condom. 75 % health care providers felt that the constraints in the STI clinic were lack of manpower, followed by irregular supply of drugs and lack of equipments. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest the need for regionalized STI care systems to implement evidence-based guidelines and to identify resources that are required to optimize care with future planning, implementation and evaluation of STD control strategies; as well as provide baseline information for future for the control of the STIs.

Introduction: Cold chain is an important component in immunization programme.1) To observe status of various cold chain elements. 2) To assess basic knowledge of cold chain handlers. Materials: A cross sectional study was conducted at all the 56 UHCs of AMC area during August-December, 2011. A check list was prepared with basic details of cold chain equipments, vaccine arrangement and temperature & stock records for evaluation. Results: No single individual is assigned for handling the cold chain system at UHC level. DF (Deep Freeze) was available at 55(98.2%) and ILR (Ice lined refrigerator) was available at 54(96.4%) UHCs. Overall storage capacity of DF was higher (P:0.009). None of UHC had Voltage stabilizer. Internal Thermometer was properly placed in 27(64.3%) of DFs and 24(60%) of ILRs. Alcohol thermometer was more (70%) seen in ILR(P:0.04). Mean temperature of DF was -18.9°C ±7.2°C and of ILR was 4.4°C ±1.8°C. OPV was found more in DF (67.3%, P:0.005). Anti-sera, HIV kits were found in ILR at 22(40.7%) UHCs(P:0.0001). Temperature record book was available at all UHCs whereas stock register was available at 42(75%). Proper defrosting was noted at 34(61.8%) of UHCs. Zip pouch were used uniformly at all the UHCs. Knowledge of conditioning of icepacks(64.3%) and Shake test(14.5%) was poor. Conclusion: Cold chain system at UHC is resourceful and well equipped but had scopes for improvement in vaccines placement. Regular training to cold chain handlers is still emphasized.

Introduction: Redundancy in sensory input is common in the elderly either because of aging alone or because of sub clinical disease processes and results in impairments in distal proprioception and strength that hinder balance and predispose them to falls. Aim of study is to identify the risk of falling in elderly persons and determine the relationship between the risks of fall to the changes of NCS. Methods Using purposive sampling 18 elderly subjects reported healthy were selected and underwent BBS, TUS& TUG. MNCS, SNCS and Late responses were performed using standard techniques. Descriptive statistics (Mean, SD and SE) were done and t test to compare mean value of variable between two groups. To check association between two attributes chi-square test was used and Fisher's Exact test for more precise ‘p’ value (for only 2 by 2 table). To know the correlation among variables Pearson's correlation co-efficient(r) was used. Results Study sample was 18 subjects inclusive of 14 Males and 4 Females BBS mean value was 52.22 ± 3.70. TUS mean value was 21.33ms In TUG test the mean value was 12.30 ± 3.2. In the age group comparisons there was minimal reduction in amplitudes and minimally prolonged conduction velocities were noted but no significant changes in latencies. Conclusion On Berg Balance Scale all subjects were in the non – faller category. TUS and TUG were significantly altered in all subjects. NCS changes that have been observed were age related. TUS had strong association with Posterior Tibial Nerve Amplitude and with Sural Nerve Amplitude.

Cutaneous manifestations of systemic diseases may be early warning signs or late manifestations of chronic diseases. All practitioners should be familiar with common dermatological symptoms of generalized medical conditions so that the patient may be managed appropriately. Eruptive xanthoma is a papular skin disorder resulting from hyperlipidemia, specifically hypertriglyceridemia. It is characterized by yellowish red papules concentrated on extensor surfaces of the arms and legs. The hyperlipidemia responsible for this disorder can be caused by a primary genetic defect, a secondary disorder, or both. Eruptive xanthomas often rapidly resolve after treatment of the hyperlipidemia has begun⁽¹⁾. We report a case of eruptive xanthoma in a middle aged female patient with small yellow papules about 2 to 5 mm in diameter distributed over the extensor surfaces in association with severe hypertriglyceridemia.

Traumatic luxation of permanent anterior teeth requires an appropriate emergency management and treatment plan. Very less data in literature is available regarding emergency orthodontic treatment in luxated teeth. Light orthodontic forces given in early period of trauma in selected cases can restore teeth in original position that can allow better periodontal healing. This article focuses on the principles which orthodontic specialist should consider while planning orthodontic movement of recently traumatized permanent teeth. Two cases are presented of emergency orthodontic treatment.

Extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma (EAP) or paraganglioma is a rare tumor. We report the patient having abdominal EAP. A 30 years age female presented initially with headache, sweating and hypertension. Hypertension remained controlled with drugs but had paroxysm of sweating on few occasions. Urinary VMA was raised. Renal artery CT angiography and intravenous urography revealed large soft tissue mass in left para aortic region, medial to mid and lower pole of left kidney getting arterial twigs from abdominal aorta and anterior division of left internal iliac artery and compressing the left proximal ureter resulting in gross hydronephrosis of left kidney. Tumor and non functional left kidney were removed through laparotomy. Patient is under follow-up. BP and 24 hours urinary VMA were normal range on each visit. This tumor falls to aorticosympathetic group of EAP as per Glenner and Grimley classification.